2018/07 作者:ihunter 0 次 0
1. 系统配置
1.1 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalldsystemctl disable firewalld
1.2 禁用SELinux
setenforce 0
编辑文件/etc/selinux/config,将SELINUX修改为disabled,如下:
SELINUX=disabled
1.3 关闭系统Swap
Kubernetes 1.8开始要求关闭系统的Swap,如果不关闭,默认配置下kubelet将无法启动。方法一,通过kubelet的启动参数–fail-swap-on=false更改这个限制。方法二,关闭系统的Swap。
swapoff -a
修改/etc/fstab文件,注释掉SWAP的自动挂载,使用free -m确认swap已经关闭。
2. 安装Docker
注: 所有节点均需执行该步骤。
2.1 下载Docker安装包
下载地址:https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/
下载安装包:
mkdir ~/k8scd k8swget https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/docker-ce-selinux-17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos.noarch.rpmwget https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/Packages/docker-ce-17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
2.2 安装Docker
cd k8syum install ./docker-ce-selinux-17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos.noarch.rpmyum install ./docker-ce-17.03.2.ce-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpmsystemctl enable dockersystemctl start docker
2.3 配置Docker
开启iptables filter表的FORWARD链
编辑/lib/systemd/system/docker.service,在ExecStart=..上面加入如下内容:
ExecStartPost=/usr/sbin/iptables -I FORWARD -s 0.0.0.0/0 -j ACCEPT
如下:
......ExecStartPost=/usr/sbin/iptables -I FORWARD -s 0.0.0.0/0 -j ACCEPTExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd......
配置Cgroup Driver
创建文件/etc/docker/daemon.json,添加如下内容:
{ "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]}
重启Docker服务
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker && systemctl status docker
3. 安装Kubernetes
3.1 安装kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet
配置软件源
cat < /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo[kubernetes]name=Kubernetesbaseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64enabled=1gpgcheck=1repo_gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpgEOF
解决路由异常
cat < /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.confnet.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1EOFsysctl --system
调整swappiness参数
修改/etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf添加下面一行:
vm.swappiness=0
执行sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf使修改生效。
安装kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet
① 查看可用版本
yum list --showduplicates | grep 'kubeadm\|kubectl\|kubelet'
② 安装指定版本
yum install kubeadm-1.8.1 kubectl-1.8.1 kubelet-1.8.1systemctl enable kubeletsystemctl start kubelet
3.2 使用kubeadm init初始化集群
注:该小节仅在Master节点上执行
初始化Master节点
kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.8.1 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --apiserver-advertise-address=master.k8s.samwong.im
配置普通用户使用kubectl访问集群
mkdir -p $HOME/.kubesudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/configsudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
查看集群状态
[root@master ~]# kubectl get csNAME STATUS MESSAGE ERRORscheduler Healthy ok controller-manager Healthy ok etcd-0 Healthy {"health": "true"}
初始化失败清理命令
kubeadm resetifconfig cni0 downip link delete cni0ifconfig flannel.1 downip link delete flannel.1rm -rf /var/lib/cni/
3.3 安装Pod Network
注:该小节仅在Master节点上执行
安装Flannel
[root@master ~]# cd ~/k8s[root@master ~]# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.ymlclusterrole "flannel" createdclusterrolebinding "flannel" createdserviceaccount "flannel" createdconfigmap "kube-flannel-cfg" createddaemonset "kube-flannel-ds" created
指定网卡
如果有多个网卡,需要在kube-flannel.yml中使用–iface参数指定集群主机内网网卡的名称,否则可能会出现dns无法解析。需要将kube-flannel.yml下载到本地,flanneld启动参数加上–iface=。
......apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1kind: DaemonSetmetadata: name: kube-flannel-ds......containers: - name: kube-flannel image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.9.0-amd64 command: [ "/opt/bin/flanneld", "--ip-masq", "--kube-subnet-mgr", "--iface=eth1" ]......
查询Pod状态
kubectl get pod --all-namespaces -o wide
3.4 Master节点参与工作负载
使用kubeadm初始化的集群,出于安全考虑Pod不会被调度到Master Node上,可使用如下命令使Master节点参与工作负载。
kubectl taint nodes node1 node-role.kubernetes.io/master-
3.5 向Kubernetes集群添加Node
查看master的token
kubeadm token list | grep authentication,signing | awk '{print $1}'
查看discovery-token-ca-cert-hash
openssl x509 -pubkey -in /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt | openssl rsa -pubin -outform der 2>/dev/null | openssl dgst -sha256 -hex | sed 's/^.* //'
添加节点到Kubernetes集群
kubeadm join --token=a20844.654ef6410d60d465 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0c2dbe69a2721870a59171c6b5158bd1c04bc27665535ebf295c918a96de0bb1 master.k8s.samwong.im:6443
查看集群中的节点
[root@master ~]# kubectl get nodesNAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSIONmaster.k8s.samwong.im Ready master 1d v1.8.1
3.6 从Kubernetes集群中移除节点
Master节点操作
kubectl drain master.k8s.samwong.im --delete-local-data --force --ignore-daemonsetskubectl delete node master.k8s.samwong.im
Node节点操作
kubeadm resetifconfig cni0 downip link delete cni0ifconfig flannel.1 downip link delete flannel.1rm -rf /var/lib/cni/
查看集群节点
kubectl get nodes
3.7 部署Dashboard插件
下载Dashboard插件配置文件
cd ~/k8swget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/master/src/deploy/recommended/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
修改Dashboard Service
编辑kubernetes-dashboard.yaml文件,在Dashboard Service中添加type: NodePort,暴露Dashboard服务。
# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #kind: ServiceapiVersion: v1metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kube-systemspec: type: NodePort ports: - port: 443 targetPort: 8443 selector: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
安装Dashboard插件
kubectl create -f kubernetes-dashboard.yaml
Dashboard账户集群管理权限
创建一个kubernetes-dashboard-admin的ServiceAccount并授予集群admin的权限,创建kubernetes-dashboard-admin.rbac.yaml。
---apiVersion: v1kind: ServiceAccountmetadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin namespace: kube-system---apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1kind: ClusterRoleBindingmetadata: name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboardroleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: cluster-adminsubjects:- kind: ServiceAccount name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin namespace: kube-system
执行命令:
[root@master ~]# kubectl create -f kubernetes-dashboard-admin.rbac.yamlserviceaccount "kubernetes-dashboard-admin" createdclusterrolebinding "kubernetes-dashboard-admin" created
查看kubernete-dashboard-admin的token
[root@master ~]# kubectl -n kube-system get secret | grep kubernetes-dashboard-adminkubernetes-dashboard-admin-token-jxq7l kubernetes.io/service-account-token 3 22h[root@master ~]# kubectl describe -n kube-system secret/kubernetes-dashboard-admin-token-jxq7lName: kubernetes-dashboard-admin-token-jxq7lNamespace: kube-systemLabels: Annotations: kubernetes.io/service-account.name=kubernetes-dashboard-admin kubernetes.io/service-account.uid=686ee8e9-ce63-11e7-b3d5-080027d38be0Type: kubernetes.io/service-account-tokenData====namespace: 11 bytestoken: eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.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.Ua92im86o585ZPBfsOpuQgUh7zxgZ2p1EfGNhr99gAGLi2c3ss-2wOu0n9un9LFn44uVR7BCPIkRjSpTnlTHb_stRhHbrECfwNiXCoIxA-1TQmcznQ4k1l0P-sQge7YIIjvjBgNvZ5lkBNpsVanvdk97hI_kXpytkjrgIqI-d92Lw2D4xAvHGf1YQVowLJR_VnZp7E-STyTunJuQ9hy4HU0dmvbRXBRXQ1R6TcF-FTe-801qUjYqhporWtCaiO9KFEnkcYFJlIt8aZRSL30vzzpYnOvB_100_DdmW-53fLWIGYL8XFnlEWdU1tkADt3LFogPvBP4i9WwDn81AwKg_Qca.crt: 1025 bytes
查看Dashboard服务端口
[root@master k8s]# kubectl get svc -n kube-systemNAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGEkube-dns ClusterIP 10.96.0.10 53/UDP,53/TCP 1dkubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.102.209.161 443:32513/TCP 21h
访问Dashboard
打开浏览器输入https://192.168.56.2:32513,如下:
3.8 部署heapster插件
安装Heapster为集群添加使用统计和监控功能,为Dashboard添加仪表盘。
mkdir -p ~/k8s/heapstercd ~/k8s/heapsterwget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/heapster/master/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/grafana.yamlwget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/heapster/master/deploy/kube-config/rbac/heapster-rbac.yamlwget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/heapster/master/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/heapster.yamlwget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/heapster/master/deploy/kube-config/influxdb/influxdb.yamlkubectl create -f ./
4. 遇到的问题
4.1 使用代理科学上网
没有代理
可申请AWS免费账户,创建EC2实例,搭建Shadowsocks服务器。配置代理客户端
参考链接:https://www.zybuluo.com/ncepuwanghui/note/954160配置Docker代理
① 创建docker服务配置文件
mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d
② 编辑vi /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/http-proxy.conf,添加如下内容:
[Service]Environment="HTTP_PROXY=http://master.k8s.samwong.im:8118" "NO_PROXY=localhost,*.samwong.im,192.168.0.0/16,127.0.0.1,10.244.0.0/16"
③ 编辑/etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/https-proxy.conf,添加如下内容:
[Service]Environment="HTTPS_PROXY=https://master.k8s.samwong.im:8118" "NO_PROXY=localhost,*.samwong.im,192.168.0.0/16,127.0.0.1,10.244.0.0/16"
④ 重启Docker服务
systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker
⑤ 查看是否配置成功
[root@master k8s]# systemctl show --property=Environment docker | moreEnvironment=HTTP_PROXY=http://master.k8s.samwong.im:8118 NO_PROXY=localhost,*.samwong.im,192.168.0.0/16,127.0.0.1,10.244.0.0/16 HTTPS_PROXY=https://master.k8s.samwong.im:8118
配置yum代理
① 编辑/etc/yum.conf文件,追加如下内容:
proxy=http://master.k8s.samwong.im:8118
② 更新yum缓存
yum makecache
配置wget代理
编辑/etc/wgetrc文件,追加如下内容:
ftp_proxy=http://master.k8s.samwong.im:8118http_proxy=http://master.k8s.samwong.im:8118https_proxy=http://master.k8s.samwong.im:8118
配置全局代理
如需上网,可编辑/etc/profile文件,追加如下内容:
PROXY_HOST=master.k8s.samwong.imexport all_proxy=http://$PROXY_HOST:8118export ftp_proxy=http://$PROXY_HOST:8118export http_proxy=http://$PROXY_HOST:8118export https_proxy=http://$PROXY_HOST:8118export no_proxy=localhost,*.samwong.im,192.168.0.0/16.,127.0.0.1,10.10.0.0/16
注: 部署Kubernetes时需禁用全局代理,会导致访问内部服务失败。
4.2 下载软件包和镜像
下载kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet
wget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.8.1/bin/linux/amd64/kubeadmwget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.8.1/bin/linux/amd64/kubectlwget https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.8.1/bin/linux/amd64/kubelet
参考链接:https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/#install-kubectl-binary-via-curl
4.3 推送本地镜像到镜像仓库
上传镜像
docker login -u xxxxxx@163.com -p xxxxxx hub.c.163.comdocker tag gcr.io/google_containers/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.8.1 hub.c.163.com/xxxxxx/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.8.1docker push hub.c.163.com/xxxxxx/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.8.1docker rmi hub.c.163.com/xxxxxx/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.8.1docker logout hub.c.163.com
下载镜像
docker pull hub.c.163.com/xxxxxx/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.8.1docker tag hub.c.163.com/xxxxxx/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.8.1 gcr.io/google_containers/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.8.1docker rmi hub.c.163.com/xxxxxx/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.8.1docker logout hub.c.163.com
更新镜像
docker update --restart=no $(docker ps -q) && docker stop $(docker ps -q) && docker rm $(docker ps -q)
4.4 kubeadm init错误
错误描述
{ "kind": "Status", "apiVersion": "v1", "metadata": { }, "status": "Failure", "message": "nodes is forbidden: User \"system:anonymous\" cannot list nodes at the cluster scope", "reason": "Forbidden", "details": { "kind": "nodes" }, "code": 403}
问题原因
该节点在/etc/profile中配置了全局代理,kubectl访问kube-apiserver也通过代理转发请求,导致证书不对,连接拒绝。解决方法
取消全局代理,只配置Docker代理、yum代理、wget代理。
参考4.1。
4.5 向Kubernetes集群添加Node失败
问题描述
在Node上使用kubeadm join命令向kubernetes集群添加节点时提示Failed,如下:
kubeadm join --token=a20844.654ef6410d60d465 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:0c2dbe69a2721870a59171c6b5158bd1c04bc27665535ebf295c918a96de0bb1 master.k8s.samwong.im:6443[kubeadm] WARNING: kubeadm is in beta, please do not use it for production clusters.[preflight] Running pre-flight checks[discovery] Trying to connect to API Server "master.k8s.samwong.im:6443"[discovery] Created cluster-info discovery client, requesting info from "https://master.k8s.samwong.im:6443"[discovery] Failed to request cluster info, will try again: [Get https://master.k8s.samwong.im:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-public/configmaps/cluster-info: EOF]
问题原因
token失效被删除。在Master上查看token,结果为空。
kubeadm token list
解决方法
重新生成token,默认token有效期为24小时,生成token时通过指定–ttl 0可设置token永久有效。
[root@master ~]# kubeadm token create --ttl 03a536a.5d22075f49cc5fb8[root@master ~]# kubeadm token listTOKEN TTL EXPIRES USAGES DESCRIPTION EXTRA GROUPS3a536a.5d22075f49cc5fb8 authentication,signing system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token